More specifically, stages of this digital forensic methodology are comprised of the following central aspects.
This consists of four basic phases: collection, examination, analysis and reporting (Shin, 2011). The second methodology under review in this paper has been put forward by the United States Department of Justice. The United States Department of Justice's (USDOJ) digital forensic analysis methodology This phase is described by Carrier as the phase where we ".use the evidence that we found and determine what events occurred in the system" (Carrier, 2005).Ģ.2. Convicted but innocent: Wrongful conviction and public policy. The Journal of Credibility Assessment and Witness Psychology, 2, 14-36. (1999) The Psychology of False Confessions. London, England: Allen and UnwinĬonti, R.P. However, many confessions are elicited under duress - an acceptable law in forensics - and consistent empirical research shows that this may well…īrandon, R., & Davies, C. Confessions are an accepted part of the forensic scene and an "attractive way of solving crimes" (cited in Brandon & Davies, 1973). Sargant said that without confessions convictions may be reduced by about 70%. More than 80% of criminal cases are settled by a coercive confession (Zimbardo, 1967) and indeed, Dr. However this forensic law that encourages and enables forced confession spirals off methodological research in psychology that shows that such confessions can be harmful to the field since many prisoners end off confessing under duress and admitting to actions that they actually never perpetrated. It is a well accepted law in the forensic field, that only recently slipped through, that investigations can be helped by compelling people to confess. Retrieved from, įorensics, Law, & Psychology: False Confessions
This specialization is possibly one of the most interesting but involves direct contact with crime victims, which can…Ĭareer in Forensic Science: What is Forensic Science? Retrieved From A forensic odontologist specializes in dental forensics, while a crime laboratory analyst usually requires a degree in chemistry.Ī crime scene examiner analyses the crime in any situation, whether indoors or outdoors. This requires a medical degree and specialisation in forensics. One of the careers in this discipline is that of a medical examiner. It should also be noted that forensics is a field that covers many areas and fields of knowledge and which can provide careers in a number of related disciplines. Furthermore, the advantages of Forensic DNA technology are extensive and have been employed in forensic fields such as the detection of bacteria and various other pollutants in water and in the matching of recipients in organ donor programs. Journal of Forensic Sciences (2002) Volume: 47, Issue: 5, Pages: 1117-1124.įorensic analysis has also been used successfully in many paternity cases. And Rogers, DK (2002) Forensic handwriting examiners' expertise for signature comparison. Srinivaan, H, Beal, MJ, and Srihari, SN (2002) Machine learning approaches for person identification and verification. Will, EJ (2008) PROFICIENCY and its application to FORENSIC DOCUMENT EXAMINATION. Will, EJ (2008) Applications - Some Typical Document Examination Applications. (Sclapbach and unke, nd) In addition, there are reported to be "various feature selection methods applied to improve the performance of an existing off-line writer identification system. Two state of the art systems presently exist to "address the tasks of writer identification and verification" and include: (1) the system that uses Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and (2) the system based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) to model a person's handwriting.
#Prodiscover basic cengage manual
FED is such that is reported to have been based primarily on manual examination by experts with only recent automation of analysis methods being initiated. Applications included are signatures verification. Forensic Document Examination (FED) is a process that clarifies the writer of a handwritten document. Especially in the field of biometric recognition.
#Prodiscover basic cengage verification
Forensic examination and analysis of writer identification and verification are reported as having "applications in various domains.